傳感器是一種檢測裝置，能感受到被測量的信息，并能將感受到的信息，按一定規律變換成為電信號或其他所需形式的信息輸出，以滿足信息的傳輸、處理、存儲、顯示、記錄和控制等要求。
根據傳感器的基本感知功能可分為熱敏元件、光敏元件、氣敏元件、力敏元件、磁敏 元件、濕敏元件、聲敏元件、放射線敏感元件、色敏元件和味敏元件等十大類。這些可 以歸為物理類，化學類，生物類三大塊。
從傳感器種類來看，流量傳感器、壓力傳感器、溫度傳感器占據最大的市場份額，分別占21%、19%、14%。從應用領域來看，工業、汽車電子、通信電子、消費電子四部分是傳感器最大的市場。國內工業和汽車電子產品領域的傳感器占比約42%左右，而發展最快的是汽車電子和通信電子應用市場。
傳感器市場規模持續快速增長
據前瞻產業研究院發布的《傳感器制造行業發展前景與投資預測分析報告》統計數據顯示，近年來，我國傳感器市場持續快速增長，年均增長速度超過20%，2011年中國傳感器市場規模為480億元，到了2016年中國傳感器市場規模突破千億元，達到1126億元。到2017年中國傳感器市場規模增至1300億元，同比增長15.45%。
中國傳感器企業布局分析
目前我國傳感器企業正努力追趕國外企業，并出現區域的傳感器企業集群，企業主要集中在長三角地區，并逐漸形成以北京、上海、南京、深圳、沈陽和西安等中心城市為主的區域空間布局。其中，主要傳感器企業有接近一半的比例分布在長三角地區，其他依次為珠三角、京津地區、中部地區及東北地區等。
中國傳感器企業布局情況
近年來，傳感器技術發展與創新的重點在材料、結構和性能改進3個方面：敏感材料從液態向半固態、固態方向發展;結構向小型化、集成化、模塊化、智能化方向發展;性能向檢測量程寬、檢測精度高、抗干擾能力強、性能穩定、壽命長久方向發展。隨著物聯網技術的發展，對傳統傳感技術又提出了新的要求，產品正逐漸向微機電系統(MEMS)技術(如：納米技術、薄膜技術)、無線數據傳輸技術、新材料技術、復合傳感器技術、結合數模處理器等多學科交叉融合的方向發展。
目前，傳感器的五大主要應用領域為工業、醫療、汽車電子、通信電子、消費電子。其中，在國內，工業和汽車電子用傳感器占比較大，發展最快的是汽車電子和通信電子應用市場。此外，環境監測、油氣管道、智能電網、可穿戴設備等領域的創新應用將成為新熱點，有望在未來創造更多的市場需求。
傳感器作為物聯網的心臟，發展空間巨大。物聯網的系統架構一般由感知層、傳輸層和應用層組成，其中，感知層主要由傳感器、微處理器和無線通信收發器等組成。預計到2025年物聯網帶來的經濟效益將在2.7萬億到6.2萬億美元之間。其中，傳感器作為數據采集的入口、物聯網的“心臟”，將迎來巨大的發展空間。
同時由于目前國內智能傳感器國外品牌占據絕大部分市場份額，國內進口產品的替代空間非常大，隨著本土企業加快研發進程和智能傳感器產業鏈布局，中國智能傳感器市場未來將保持較快的發展速度，本土化率將不斷提高。（轉自前瞻網）
Sensor is a kind of detection device, which can sense the measured information and transform the sensed information into electrical signals or other required forms of information output according to certain rules to meet the requirements of information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording and control.
According to the basic sensing function of the sensor, it can be divided into ten categories: thermal sensor, photosensor, gas sensor, force sensor, magnetic sensor, humidity sensor, sound sensor, radiation sensor, color sensor and taste sensor. These can be classified into three parts: Physics, chemistry and biology.
According to the types of sensors, flow sensors, pressure sensors and temperature sensors occupy the largest market share, accounting for 21%, 19% and 14% respectively. From the perspective of application field, industry, automotive electronics, communication electronics, consumer electronics are the largest sensor market. About 42% of the sensors in the field of industrial and automotive electronics products in China, and the fastest growing market is automotive electronics and communication electronics.
The scale of sensor market continues to grow rapidly.
According to the statistics released by the Institute of Prospective Industry, the sensor manufacturing industry development prospects and investment forecast analysis report shows that in recent years, China's sensor market has been growing rapidly, with an average annual growth rate of more than 20%. In 2011, China's sensor market size was 48 billion yuan, and in 2016, China's sensor market size broke through. 100 billion yuan, reaching 112 billion 600 million yuan. By 2017, the scale of China's sensor market increased to 130 billion yuan, an increase of 15.45% over the same period last year.
Layout analysis of sensor enterprises in China
At present, China's sensor enterprises are trying to catch up with foreign enterprises, and there is a regional sensor enterprise cluster. The enterprises are mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta region, and gradually form a regional spatial layout with Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Shenzhen, Shenyang and Xi'an as the main cities. Among them, nearly half of the major sensor enterprises are distributed in the Yangtze River Delta region, and the others are the Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin region, central region and northeast region in turn.
Layout of sensor enterprises in China
In recent years, the development and innovation of sensor technology focus on three aspects: material, structure and performance improvement: sensitive materials from liquid to semi-solid, solid-state direction; structure to miniaturization, integration, modularization, intelligent direction; performance to wide detection range, high detection accuracy, strong anti-interference ability, stable performance. Long service life. With the development of the Internet of Things technology, new requirements have been put forward for the traditional sensing technology. The products are gradually developing towards the multi-disciplinary integration of micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology (such as nano-technology, thin film technology), wireless data transmission technology, new material technology, composite sensor technology, combined with digital-analog processor and so on.
At present, the five main application fields of sensors are industry, medical, automotive electronics, communication electronics, consumer electronics. Among them, industrial and automotive electronic sensors account for a larger proportion in China, the fastest growing is the automotive electronic and communication electronic application market. In addition, innovative applications in environmental monitoring, oil and gas pipelines, smart grids, wearable equipment and other fields will become new hot spots, and it is expected to create more market demand in the future.
As the heart of the Internet of things, sensors have huge room for development. The system architecture of the Internet of Things is generally composed of perception layer, transmission layer and application layer. The perception layer is mainly composed of sensors, microprocessors and wireless communication transceivers. It is estimated that the economic benefits of the Internet of things will be between 2 trillion and 700 billion and 6 trillion and 200 billion dollars by 2025. Among them, sensors as the entrance of data acquisition, the "heart" of the Internet of Things, will usher in a huge space for development.
At the same time, due to the current domestic smart sensor foreign brands occupy the majority of the market share, the domestic imported products have a very large space for substitution. With the accelerated development process of local enterprises and smart sensor industry chain layout, China's smart sensor market will maintain a relatively rapid development rate in the future, the localization rate will continue to increase.
